Learned Helplessness in the Workplace Free Essays

string(80) it appears she assumed if she couldn’t beat her folks, she should join them. Running Head: Learned Helplessness in the Workplace Paper Learned Helplessness in the Workplace Psychology 320 November 22, 2010 Professor: Sprinkle Abstract In the late 1960’s and mid 1970s Mr. Martin Seligman started to contemplate what impacts environmental factors have on creatures, however people. His investigations were an endeavor to figure out what consequences outside impacts could have on a live creatures inspiration and drive for progress. We will compose a custom paper test on Learned Helplessness in the Workplace or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now He began his investigations by giving rodents electric stuns. They were unintentional and without cause, and this was so the rodents had no chance to get of thinking what could cause or forestall the stuns, and how to stay away from them. What he found, was that in the long run the rodents would abandon attempting to keep away from or get away from the stuns. Seligman in the long run applied these examinations to human babies and what he found was a hypothesis he considered, â€Å"Learned Helplessness. † Learned Helplessness in the Workplace When Martin Seligman decided to contemplate human babies and the impacts of outside impacts, he needed to decide if an absence of authority over one’s environmental factors could prompt a need inspiration. What he discovered was that simply like the rodents, people would learn vulnerability, and subsequently the explanation his hypothesis is known as the Learned Helplessness Theory. To put it plainly, the hypothesis expresses that with no influence over one’s environmental factors, the reaction will be defenselessness. He likewise found that the individuals who get familiar with this will have an obstruction with the remainder of their turn of events. They may have enthusiastic issues alongside tension and despondency as grown-ups. One of the manners in which that Seligman accepted youngsters learned powerlessness was if there was no relationship among's activities and there result. Much the same as the rodents who attempted to get away however where despite everything rebuffed with stuns, they felt that regardless of what they did the result would be the equivalent. Youngsters who had guardians with poor child rearing aptitudes or who didn’t perceive their victories, discovered that regardless of what they did, it didn’t change the result. Children who battled in school may start to bomb more than once as they would feel that regardless of whether they tried, they would come up short. Individuals who have taken in weakness experience the ill effects of low confidence, and will in general reprimand themselves for everything While examining learned weakness in people, Seligman found that it additionally can be related with various perspectives about the occasions that structure person’s â€Å"explanatory style. † Seligman accepted there were three significant segments of illustrative style related with learned weakness. He named those as changelessness, inescapability, and personalization. Perpetual quality related to the possibility that regardless of what occurs or the occasions paving the way to them, the results were in truth changeless. Inescapability alluded to the idea that if something negative occurred in one circumstance it would occur in different circumstances also. For example in the event that an individual battles with math, they at that point accept they are dumb and battle in each angle. Personalization, the third and last segment of logical style, alludes to whether one will ascribe adverse occasions to their own imperfections or to outside conditions or others. The vast majority with Learned Helplessness will credit everything to their own imperfections or inadequacies. Seligman has faith so as to enable an individual to beat Learned Helplessness; they should endeavor to Learn Optimism. He accepts guardians and other people who commend youthful kid’s dominance of new subjects can prompt positive thinking just as their own mentalities toward life. In my own situation as an entrepreneur, I trust I have utilized a young lady and perhaps a couple of others with who had learned vulnerability. There is one young lady specifically who appeared to battle with the battles Seligman sketched out in his hypothesis. I felt an every day fight in attempting to persuade her she could transform her and the results of the occasions throughout her life in the event that she got inspired. At the point when I purchased my fitness center Cassie was the young lady who was the assistant at the front work area. What I immediately realized was that Cassie had two medication dependent guardians who had gone through her whole time on earth thumping one another, a dad who was in and out of prison who attempted to utilize her to get drugs, and a mother who attempted to get her to take drugs with her. I immediately perceived in Cassie the capacity to be unique in relation to her childhood, however I couldn’t see a longing from her to arrive. She had an internal voice that disclosed to her she never could be effective, as average quality was all she believed she merited. I compensated her for her work in endeavor to propel her, however it appeared to be regardless of what advancement or prize I offered I couldn’t get her roused to make changes throughout her life. She would come to chip away at time, and do what was asked of her, yet I never observed any inspiration to transcend and exceed expectations to the following level, despite the fact that I could see she was normally clever and fit for some things. I felt for Cassie as I don't know she at any point got an opportunity given her folks, yet I couldn’t change her as I so wished I could. No measure of positive applause or prize could persuade Cassie that she could transform her, despite the fact that her knowledge was high and her capacity was incredible. She just didn’t trust it was conceivable. I went after for a long time to be a good example for Cassie, and there were numerous days when I thought she was settling on the decisions to transform her, yet she never finished as she truly accepted change for her was unimaginable. Cassie had gone after for her whole youth ascend above both her folks, however in the end she felt regardless of what she did the end was inescapable. It’s as though she foreordained her future by intuition it would have been the most exceedingly awful future conceivable. At long last it appears she assumed if she couldn’t beat her folks, she should go along with them. You read Learned Helplessness in the Workplace in class Papers I made a decent attempt to be a positive effect for Cassie and help transform her, however the harm that she had acquired appeared to be excessively incredible. Regardless of what I did, she couldn’t become a hopeful person or change the manner in which she felt about the outside impacts throughout her life. Regardless of how hard I supported or pushed her a positive way, she generally ended up back on the base since she genuinely accepted that is the place she had a place. I regularly consider her and miracle if there is whatever else I could have done to assist her with slithering out of her life and into one she was commendable up, yet at long last I imagine that she couldn’t change her perspective and really accepted the kind of life she had was intended to be perpetual. She is living some place now in a once-over loft off of government assistance with her young little girl who I accept will turn out precisely like her. She has no activity since she doesn’t need to lose her food stamps and government assistance, and she is back on drugs. My solitary expectation in life is that someone will have the option to stroll into her life and disclose to her girl that she is savvy, and prepared to do such a great amount throughout everyday life. I have gained from Cassie the benefit of commending a child’s little victories, and urging them to be something throughout everyday life. It’s tragic, however Cassie’s instance of Learned Helplessness has shown me advancing idealism, and I plan on spreading it to any kids I interact with. References: Learned Helplessness (2001) Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence. Recovered at: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_g2602/is_0003/ai_2602000349/ Hypothesis Name| Major Theorist(s)| Time Period Created| Key Theory Concepts| First Grand Theory: WILL| Socrates, Plato and Descartes| Ancient Greeks and seventeenth eighteenth centuries| Socrates and Plato truly separated the idea into psyche and body. Psyche over issue. As per Plato there was an approach to hold body under wraps. This could be practiced by the will. At the end of the day the will was in charge of all parts of goal both substantial needs and that which would be viewed as otherworldly. Descartes was persuaded that inspiration was the will. He accepted that the will was accountable for whether to act or not to act. Substantial requirements delights, torment, motivations were simply unfortunate chore. Will had a definitive state. He and different thinkers at the time were persuaded that they had the appropriate response. At long last the will ended up being something of a riddle. In managing only the will to clarify inspiration, it simply end up being a reason and it was not all inclusive in its hypothesis since certain individuals had more self discipline than others. | Second Grand Theory: Instinct| DarwinWilliam JamesMcDougall| nineteenth twentieth Century| Darwin’s musings were managing the science of humanity. His hypothesis is as yet being managed today. Religions researchers despite everything attempting to demonstrate or negate his hypothesis. His fundamental qualification was among creatures and people. Darwin removed will when he had the option to show that creatures had the option to utilize their assets (inspiration) to adjust to like people. So in this sense the will was not, at this point a clarification of propelled conduct. James’ hypothesis comprised of bringing improvement into the image. Reflex and senses is the thing that makes human inspiration. McDougall took the exploration on an age after Darwin. When analysts grasped this thought the following activity was to recognize the impulses. This turned into an overwhelming undertaking. On that the sense hypothesis was uncovered as round. At the end of the day, impulse hypothesis fizzled in light of the fact that scholars couldn't decide whether senses truly exist. | Third Grand Theory: Drive| Sigmund Freud Robert Woodworth Clark Hull | twentieth Century| Freud, all practices were fulfilling needs. Conduct serves real needs and drive acted

Evolution of Community Kitchens

Advancement of Community Kitchens Conceptual Network kitchen, as an idea is basic for guaranteeing the food security of the defenseless populace. It is a social affair point where gatherings of individuals meet up to pool their assets to prepare enormous amounts of food. The primary focal point of this examination proposal is to comprehend the idea of network kitchens and their activity in various social settings. This examination likewise means to comprehend the job of the administration offices (assuming any) in guaranteeing the food security for the networks (which is their essential duty). In the changing setting of state consigning to an optional position, activities by such private on-screen characters accept essentialness. By featuring on two diverse contextual analyses of associations, we will in general unwind the procedure of network kitchens in discrete social situations. With the assistance of member perception, center gathering conversations and inside and out individual meetings, this examination is an investigati on of the potential outcomes of food security through the idea of network kitchens. Presentation Network kitchen is an establishment where food is set up by the individuals from a network in an aggregate way. There are various models of network kitchens that exist around the social space. For the most part it is seen that individuals from a network who get ready food are likewise the buyers of similar suppers prepared all in all. Anyway there are different models like Akshay Patra (our contextual investigation in the current examination) where food is all in all readied however circulated among the non preparers of the food prepared. Network kitchens help the network in planning moderate dinners through a self continuing organization. The buy, arrangement and utilization are usually done in an aggregate way which makes the undertaking a savvy and time effective in nature. While meeting a communitys social needs, aggregate kitchens are an instrument which give budgetary, social and food security to the network individuals. Network kitchens are socially established organizations, they help in expanding the solidarity among the individuals from the network. Effortlessness Campbell expresses The development and activity of network kitchens changes generally across networks and societies and is to a great extent reliant on the participation, yet every association requires a well-prepared kitchen, willing members, and introductory capital. Food security is an advanced test, which should be tended to at all degrees of society. Network kitchens at nearby level give access to moderate and sustenance rich food to the individuals from a network, which goes far in guaranteeing food security. Globalization, expansion, expanding hole between those who are well off and the poor, are the significant reasons which are keeping a normal man food uncertain. In such a situation, this exploration intends to investigate food security through the idea of network kitchens. Food security Food security is a condition wherein all individuals consistently can gain safe, healthfully satisfactory and by and by worthy nourishments that are available in a way that keeps up human dignity.[1] The four parts of food security, as portrayed in the writing, are the quantitative, the subjective, the social, and the mental. The quantitative part portrays what is generally known as craving, not having enough to eat at the individual level, or not having food in the house at the family unit level. The subjective segment concerns the nature of the accessible food (its wholesome ampleness, security, and assortment). People regularly bargain on food quality to adapt to an absence of assets to buy reasonable nourishments. The mental part incorporates the apprehensions and diminished sentiments of self-esteem related with managing the absence of assets to buy adequate, quality food, though the social segment portrays huge numbers of the adapting systems used to get food when financing has run out, for example, noble cause, taking, and purchasing using a loan. [2] In the 21st century abberations in financial development have scrutinized the financial and ecological supportability. The issue of food security has now become a worldwide concern. Despite the mechanical and logical improvements in the territory of horticultural profitability, craving and hunger keep on being a danger to the humankind. Access to food is as yet seen by numerous individuals as a benefit, as opposed to an essential human right, and it is assessed that 35 000 individuals around the globe bite the dust every day from hunger. A considerably bigger number of individuals experience the ill effects of hunger. [3] UNFAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) characterizes food security as Food security is food accessible consistently; that all people have methods for access to it; that it is healthfully sufficient as far as amount, quality and assortment; and that it is adequate inside the given culture. Just when every one of these conditions are set up can a pop ulace be viewed as food secure. In light of the UN definition inquire about world over underscores on four fundamental parts of the issue of food security those being accessibility to give adequate food to all, equivalent openness to nutritious food, worthiness of food dependent on neighborhood customs and societies and ultimately sufficiency which accentuates on manageability of creation and appropriation of food. Food security in India Food security has been a significant improvement objective in India since the start of arranging. The accomplishments of green upset have some way or another neglected to arrive at the base of the pyramid. Constant food weakness stays at an unsurpassed high. More than 225 million Indians remain constantly under sustained. The province of Indias food security is exacerbating by the year.[4]The cost of food things is expanding quickly, making them unreasonably expensive to a dominant part of the individuals. As of late, there has been a state arrangement center towards family unit level food security and per capita food vitality admission is taken as a proportion of food security. The Indian government has been executing a wide scope of nourishment mediation programs for accomplishing food security at the family and individual levels. The Public Distribution System (PDS) supplies food things, for example, food grains and sugar, at controlled costs through a system of reasonable value shops. There have been a scope of nourishment for-work and other pay business programs. Another methodology received by the administration is to target ladies and kids legitimately. This incorporates the early afternoon supper program for school going youngsters, beneficial sustenance program for kids and ladies and Right to Food bill. [5] The Right to Food Bill presented in the parliament in 2009 demands the physical, financial and social right of all residents to approach protected and nutritious food, steady with a sufficient eating regimen important to lead a functioning and sound existence with dignityWith the Right to Food crusade, yearning and food frailty have come in the focal point of improvement talk in India. Despite every one of these turns of events, our nation is an environment of individuals with unconscionable degree of unhealthiness and appetite. Lack of healthy sustenance levels among the kids and ladies are much higher than the general normal. Foundation of Nutrition, Indian Council for Medical Research) gauges that almost 40% of the grown-up populace in India has a Body Mass Index of under 18.5, which infers constant vitality insufficiency of immeasurable scope, verging on a national compassionate emergency. [6] Since food security of by far most in the district is in question, tending to such a wide scope of issues requests network esteem framework based participatory ways to deal with guarantee association of the considerable number of partners. The different government plans may fill in as quick methods for managing food frailty however will be of extreme superfluity, until we take a shot at building up our nearby network based food frameworks strong.[7] One of such methods is through the organization of network kitchens. Network kitchens in their noteworthy point of view Network kitchen as an idea is old, going back to the late fifteenth century, which has experienced change throughout the years and the present structure is by all accounts including the network to address bigger social issues like food security. In India, Sikhs have a background marked by giving food along each love administration, function, or occasion, and when Gurus picked up notoriety, individuals went from far of separations and accumulated in gatherings to hear them lecture the standards of correspondence and humankind. It was in the late fifteenth century that Guru Nanak dev ji, the originator of Sikhism, began the establishment of Langar (people group kitchens). Langar is a Persian word meaning an aid house, a shelter for poor people and the destitute.[8]Langar maintained and strengthened the Sikh standards of administration to humanity, balance of all and modesty. In spite of the fact that the establishment was started under aegis od Guru Nanak, it was standardized by Guru Amar Das, who tried to support a custom of eating together that had started with Nanak, the organizer of Sikhism. Langar is the aggregate kitchen which is run in the Gurudwara. The establishment takes care of all who come, paying little heed to their religion, standing, sexual orientation or belief. Sikh commits are associated with each phase from the food readiness, to taking care of and to cleaning of the utensils. Today, this establishment of Langar is foundation of Sikh religion, empowering the control of administration and a feeling of co-activity, altruism, equity, the thoughts and practices profoundly imbedded in the network kitchen development. The training and its root must be found in the light of its inconsistency to the Hindu and Muslim custom at that point, which isolated individuals on premise of standing (social positioning) or purdah (disengagement of ladies). In the ongoing past different minutes around the idea of network kitchens can be seen over the world. In the nineties of the only remaining century network kitchen was viewed as a movem

Technical Solution For The Proposed System Of Skillage I.T. Company

Question: Portray about the nitty gritty depiction on the specialized answer for the proposed arrangement of Skillage I.T. Organization? Answer: 1. Presentation The paper presents a nitty gritty portrayal on the specialized answer for the proposed arrangement of Skillage I.T. Organization. The structure incorporates engineering plan for the new framework, which will be utilized for the advancement of the framework. Contingent upon the degree and prerequisites of the framework, multi-level engineering has been picked. What's more, the paper additionally gives brief portrayal on the advancements being utilized at each layer of the engineering. 2. Extent of venture The target likewise inundates the programming of the proposed arrangement and making the collaborations. It likewise incorporates the formation of a fundamental arrangement of pages that the organization will be promptly required to complete their business with. The fuse of an outsider business bank and an online installment processor is likewise remembered for the extent of the venture. In any case, the degree doesn't fuse the opening of the proposed arrangement of trader bank for the customer. The degree of the undertaking likewise incorporates the testing by clients and at conveyance time, the proposed arrangement must be bolstered on all the significant programs, which incorporate Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome and Internet Explorer. The proposed arrangement ought to likewise be open over every single significant stage like personal computer, cell phones and tablets. The extent of the undertaking, be that as it may, doesn't cover the parts of advanced promoting, the accommodation on different web indexes and the making of benefits over all person to person communication stages. 3. Framework Requirements and specialized plan The necessity of the business is to make and build up a proposed arrangement, which will allow the organization to drill down the entirety of their administrations on the proposed arrangement, bid to new. Unequivocally, the proposed arrangement ought to incorporate the accompanying: Availability A four layered openness has been made for the proposed arrangement and for the administration of its backend that are as per the following: Super User The super client will have authorization to access and change all the front-end and back end frameworks. He/she will have the option to make changes in the arrangement setting of the proposed arrangement. He/she can likewise make alterations and access the core of the proposed arrangement and will have the consent to take the proposed arrangement disconnected. Arbitrator The client who approaches both the front end and back finish of the proposed arrangement yet can roll out constrained improvements to the back end like the creation and erasing of substance, refreshing the administrations on the framework. Fundamentally, he/she will the substance chief of the proposed arrangement. Notwithstanding this entrance, he/she will have the uncommon consent to allow access to enlisted clients of deny them completely from making any kind of posts or remarks. Enlisted User The client who just approaches the front finish of the proposed arrangement is an enrolled client. An enrolled client can likewise be characterized to be the client who is guest/clients to the proposed arrangement and has enlisted himself/herself to the proposed arrangement utilizing the enrollment structure which is accessible at the site. He/she will approach his/her profile where he/she can refresh his/her different record subtleties such Name, username, contact data, email address, and so on. Client The client just approaches the front finish of the framework. In any case, his/her consent, of access is a lot lesser than that of an enrolled client. However, he/she will be permitted to watch the different pages of the proposed arrangement that are accessible toward the front. 24 x 7 accessibility This component will be actualized by conveying various servers. 4. Current Design of Application The J2EE electronic design of an application is the primary base for the Duke Bookstore application. The JSF pages and the oversaw beans are both accessible in the J2EE servers. The JSF pages are there inside a compartment on the web and the oversaw beans are there inside the EJB holders. The current application has a humble level of data, which stores date in the support bean. The beans, thusly, load up the underlying information that are required for the book shop. This goals utilizes classes for the readiness of the database sections yet these are not quantifiable and versatile to the new necessities. A portion of the significant segments of the application are as per the following- Innovation of Java Server Faces (counting Contexts and Dependency Injection) Beans for the venture Programming interface substance with Java determination The accompanying assets are additionally utilized by the application- UI Component (Map Component and Area Component) This is utilized to render the pictures of the books on the principle page of the application Converters This is utilized to change over the charge card data that has been given Bean for information introduction and a bean which deals with the information instatement bean Audience members An audience members ties all the activity on a JSF page. Their main responsibility is to tune in to the occasions that are going on the site page and afterward take proper activities in correspondence to them Renderers Overseen Beans Heap of asset for limited messages. 5. Portrayal of the New Solution A multi-layered and a non-appropriated engineering will be utilized by the application. The partition of the application levels and the innovations picked for every level are outlined in the figure given. The example application sending methodology is likewise appeared in the chart. The business rationale, the combination and the introduction levels are genuinely situated in a similar web compartments due the design being an arranged one. Every duty of every level can be secluded by unmistakable interfaces. The application is made straightforward and adaptable by the arranged engineering. Figure 1: 4-level design 5.1. Innovation and levels The Presentation Tier/JSF and MVC The JSF fits consummately with the MVC based design of the introduction level. JSF gives a spotless and simple detachment between the introduction and the conduct. The JSF really impacts the known segments of the User Interface and the ideas of the web level without being constrained to a particular scripting innovation or markup language. Model layers make up the JSF backing beans. The activities, which are an augmentation of the controller layer, are contained inside these beans. They are likewise liable for assigning the client solicitation to the business rationale level. Business Logic Tier/The Spring Framework The Business objects and the business administrations are contained in the business rationale level. A business object contains both the information and a rationale that is related to that particular information. There are 3 business protests that have been perceived in the example application User, Product and Category. A more significant level of business rationale is given by the collaboration between business administrations and business objects. A proper business interface that contains the administration interface that will be utilized straightforwardly by the customer ought to consistently be characterized. The Spring Framework will assist the POJO with implementing the business rationale level. This system is likewise built upon the Theory of Inversion of Control or IOC. The spring highlight which has been utilized in the example application is the accompanying Rest Integration Spring doesn't compel us to execute a solid JDBC Abstraction highlight. It can without much of a stretch join with the O/R mapping structures, particularly the Hibernate work. It additionally presents a productive and safe treatment of all Hibernate meetings. It handles the design of the Hibernate meeting and the JDBC information wellsprings of the application setting. This is done while the application is made simpler for testing. Combination Tier/The Hibernate The open source O/R mapping structure which can do without the need to execute a JDBC API is known as the Hibernate. This capacity/level backings all the principle SQL database the executives framework. The Hibernate Query Language is planned to be watchful item arranged augmentation to the SQL. The overcomes any barrier among objects and the social universes. The activity of refreshing and recovery of information, the board of exchanges, automatic questions, inquiries for affirmation pooling of database association and the administration of substance relationship is finished by the Hibernate. Contrasted with the other O/R mapping structures, Hibernate is significantly less obtrusive. The age of SQL happens at framework startup and the runtime bytecode age is utilized. The improvement of industrious items that follow the basic JAVA colloquialisms like affiliation, legacy, polymorphism, JAVA assortment structure and creation is permitted by Hibernate. The express need of actualizing a rest explicit interface isn't required by the business questions in the example application and they depend on a POJO. Furthermore, the arrangement will utilize Oracle database due to its solid help for put away methods. 6. Improvement devices The improvement of arrangement will utilize following devices: Testing device - NUnit IDE - NetBeans Application server - Apache web server References Bauer, C., King, G., Bauer, C. (2007). Java ingenuity with Hibernate. Greenwich, Conn.: Manning. Dennis, A., Wixom, B., Tegarden, D. (2002). Frameworks investigation and structure, an item arranged methodology with UML. New York, NY: Wiley. George, J. (2004). Article arranged frameworks investigation and structure. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Gulzar, N. (2003). Down to earth J2EE application design. New York: McGraw-Hill/Osborne. Johnson, R., Hoeller, J. (2004). Master one-on-one J2EE improvement without EJB. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub./Wrox. Seddighi, A. (2009). Spring industriousness with rest. Birmingham, U.K.: Packt Pub. Lover, G. Article Oriented Analysis and Design Through Unified Modeling Language. Xu, J., Han, Y. (2004). Plan and execution of a J2EE application.

Free Essays on Leadership Secrets Of Attlia The Hun

â€Å"Leadership Secrets of Attila the hun† The book â€Å"Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun,† is about a man name Attila who hundreds of years prior transformed gatherings of inborn migrants into one of the best battling country of the old world. He accomplished this by using his success coordinated, assume responsibility administration aptitudes. All through the book Attila the Hun shares 16 privileged insights to his chieftains he learned inside his life to all the more likely oversee and lead their clan of warriors. Despite the fact that Attila and his hypotheses on administration are from the ancient time they despite everything hold solid pertinence in cutting edge the executives and initiative. In this book report I will additionally investigate how a couple of Attila insider facts might possibly apply in the today’s broadcasting working environment. Attila (406-53 AD) was an individual from the decision group of the Huns, an uncouth country of approximately bound clans in ceaseless movement. At the youthful age of 12 years of age he was sent to Rome and held prisoner in the Roman court. There he increased a lot of information on Roman polices and military which helped form him in to the pioneer he became. Being held hostage there he built up a solid contempt for Rome that filled his later aspirations to vanquish the world and at last topple Rome. A brief timeframe in the wake of coming back to his clan he became lord of the Huns and started making a country with a shared objective, to overcome the world. By 451 AD Attila’s Hunnish armed force of brutes comprised of 700,000 warriors prepared to take on Rome. Tragically when the opportunity arrived, Attila needed to withdraw in light of the fact that the savages, who where untalented in infantry strategies, were not going to have the option to overcome Rome. Attila before long turned all his vitality and incredible administration aptitudes to make the vital changes in his military to guarantee that next they will vanquish Rome. The Huns came back to Rome â€Å"not as bumbling savages yet too prepared and â€disciplined armed force handy in the execution of military movement,†(Roberts 9). ... Free Essays on Leadership Secrets Of Attlia The Hun Free Essays on Leadership Secrets Of Attlia The Hun â€Å"Leadership Secrets of Attila the hun† The book â€Å"Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun,† is about a man name Attila who hundreds of years prior transformed gatherings of ancestral migrants into one of the best battling country of the antiquated world. He accomplished this by using his success coordinated, assume responsibility administration aptitudes. All through the book Attila the Hun shares 16 insider facts to his chieftains he learned inside his life to all the more likely oversee and lead their clan of warriors. Despite the fact that Attila and his hypotheses on initiative are from the ancient time they despite everything hold solid significance in advanced administration and authority. In this book report I will additionally investigate how a couple of Attila privileged insights could possibly apply in the today’s broadcasting work environment. Attila (406-53 AD) was an individual from the decision group of the Huns, a savage country of approximately bound clans in interminable movement. At the youthful age of 12 years of age he was sent to Rome and held prisoner in the Roman court. There he increased a lot of information on Roman polices and military which helped shape him in to the pioneer he became. Being held hostage there he built up a solid disdain for Rome that filled his later desire to vanquish the world and at last topple Rome. A brief timeframe in the wake of coming back to his clan he became lord of the Huns and started making a country with a shared objective, to overcome the world. By 451 AD Attila’s Hunnish armed force of brutes comprised of 700,000 warriors prepared to take on Rome. Lamentably when the opportunity arrived, Attila needed to withdraw on the grounds that the brutes, who where incompetent in infantry strategies, were not going to have the option to crush Rome. Attila before long turned all his vitality and extraordinary administration abilities to make the fundamental changes in his military to guarantee that next they will vanquish Rome. The Huns came back to Rome â€Å"not as bungling savages however also prepared and â€disciplined armed force handy in the execution of military movement,†(Roberts 9). ...

11 and PTSD in Children

Media Coverage of 9/11 and PTSD in Children The effects of the tragic events of September 11, 2001, were inescapable and may have increased risk for PTSD in children and adults. Even people far away from the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon were exposed to upsetting and traumatic images. This was largely due to the extensive television coverage of the terrorist attacks. A study in the Journal of Anxiety Disorders, conducted by Dr. Michael Otto and colleagues at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, examined whether this extensive media coverage may have put children at risk for the development of PTSD.?? Kids and Media Coverage of 9/11: The Study This study looked at 84 mothers and their 166 children (ages 7 to 15) from the Boston area who did not have a loved one killed in the 9/11 attacks. The majority of the children heard about the attacks either in the morning (53%) or afternoon (42%) of 9/11. In addition, many children were exposed to some television coverage of the events. 13.8% did not watch any television coverage of the attacks.25.9% watched under an hour of television coverage of the attacks.22.3% watch one hour of television coverage of the attacks.30.7% watched 2 to 4 hours of television coverage of the attacks.4.8% watched 4 to 6 hours of television coverage of the attacks.2.4% watched over 6 hours of television coverage of the attacks. PTSD Rates and Risk Factors for PTSD They found that 5.4% of children and 1.2% of parents in the study had symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD stemming from indirect exposure to 9/11 events. An additional 18.7% of children and 10.7% of parents showed some symptoms of PTSD, but not enough for an official PTSD diagnosis). Among all children, the amount of television watched on 9/11 was not linked with PTSD rates. However, when considering only children 10 and younger, the development of PTSD was related to the amount of television watched on the day of 9/11. Children who showed more distress during the week of 9/11 and identified more with the victims of 9/11 were more likely to develop symptoms of PTSD. Looking Out For Our Children When people think of PTSD, they often think that a person has to directly experience a traumatic event. However, this study shows that even indirect exposure to traumatic events can increase the likelihood of developing PTSD in populations that may be considered vulnerable, such as children. The live television coverage of 9/11 meant that many children were exposed to distressing images that may have been hard for them to comprehend or cope with. In situations like this, it is important for parents to monitor what their children are watching and, at the same time, help them understand and cope with the situation. The Sidran Institute, a nonprofit organization that provides resources on trauma and PTSD, provides some helpful tips for how parents can help their children cope with and understand a traumatic event.

Prepping for Behavioral Questions in Your MBA Interview

The days of exclusively traditional MBA interview questions have passed. While you can expect the occasional softball question, like â€Å"Walk me through your resume† or â€Å"Tell me about your leadership experiences,† you are also likely to be asked behavioral questions, which are much more directed and focused. They begin along the lines of â€Å"Tell me about a time when†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Behavioral interview questions demand a different kind of interview prep. They require you to learn to think quickly about your experiences and the ways in which you handled situations and analyze them. At the same time, you need to be ready for the more traditional type of question. During MBA Interviews: Preparing for Behavioral and General Questions, you will learn how to get ready for both types: [youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inARiCPdu68feature=mfu_in_orderlist=UL[/youtube] Subscribe to Accepteds Eye on Admissions YouTube channel to stay up-to-date on other cutting-edge MBA admissions topics. Once youve completed your interview, be sure to come back to Accepted and share your interview experiences to help others prepare for their big day. And now through April 1, 2012, for every interview questionnaire you fill out, youll receive an entry in our MBA Interview Give Get drawing you could win one of twelve $30 gift cards to Amazon.com, Apple.com, and Starbucks. Submit your interview stories now! Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best hbspt.cta.load(58291, '17f9fd1c-6b8f-4ef5-88a1-eaef11fc0f8b');

Evaluation Of The Social Work Profession Essay - 1400 Words

The evaluation stage is an important aspect of the social work profession. Evaluation is important because it allows social workers to see how clients have achieved his or her goals in the intervention stage, thus it allows us to give our current or future clients’ feedback (Birkenmaier, Berg-Weger Dewees, 2014). When working with individuals, families, groups, or communities, the evaluation stage will vary within each of these populations. When working with individuals, the worker would focus on helping the individual achieve his or her goal(s); evaluations are used as a sense of empowerment for both the client and the worker. (Birkenmaier et al, 2014). When working with the families, the worker is focused on the family as a whole (Birkenmaier et al, 2014). This is different than individuals because the worker is focused on the goals of the family, thus the worker is not evaluating each individual family member (Birkenmaier et al, 2014). When working with groups, features from both family and group evaluations are employed; workers focus on the individual goals of group members; however, they also focus on the goals of the group (Birkenmaier et al, 2014). Community evaluations are similar to groups, individuals, and families; however, it tends to focus on the collaborative efforts within in the community (Birkenmaier et al, 2014). This differs from the others because instead of focusing on individuals, families, and individuals and groups, the worker ensures that manyShow MoreRelatedSocial Work : A Profession That Offers Therapy, Evaluation, Intervention And Treatment For Anyone Who Needs It1512 Words   |  7 Pages Social Work is a profession that offers therapy, evaluation, intervention and treatment for anyone who needs it. Support services are also offered to individuals, families, couples, or anyone who is dealing with psychosocial issues. Services are also for people that require assistance obtaining social and health services. The practice of social work is guided by knowledge of social systems, human behavior and social resources, and is strictly regulated to protect the health, safety andRead MorePersonal Reflection On The Social Work Profession847 Words   |  4 Pagesa personal reflection on my understanding of the social work profession, as I get ready for my field placement. I will reflect on my evolving sense of professional identity, and will discuss my growth in terms of self-awareness. I will further deliberate about my knowledge of the Social Work profession. My current understanding of the profession, and activities, tasks and roles that I may undertake in a placement situation The Social Work profession in Ontario is a complete, accredited program thatRead MoreNational Association Of Social Workers Essay765 Words   |  4 PagesNational Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics Overview National Association of Social Workers created a Code of Ethics to determine how and when social workers should conduct their work to ensure clients are being treated effectively. The mission of social workers is to enhance human well-being and help to meet the basic human needs of all people. (National Association of Social Workers, 2008) The main focus population for social workers is those that are vulnerable, oppressed, andRead MoreDiscourse Analysis On The Occupational Therapy Profession1568 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals can belong to more than one discourse community (Depaull.edu, n.d.) The occupational therapy profession is a very unique discourse community. Occupational therapists provide treatment to individuals who have an impairment in functioning in all aspects of a person’s life and help them become as independent as possible. Occupational therapists utilize various documentation including evaluation and assessment forms and tests to decipher a client’s level of functioning. Care is based on ensuringRead MoreThe Social Workers Ethical Accountability1185 Words   |  5 PagesThere is an increasing necessity for social workers to increase their understanding of the skills and knowledge required to undertake the client’s challenges that are referred to them (Munro, 2004, p. 1076). It can be argued that evidence-based practice is the social workers ethical accountability. This is beneficial for the clients as individuals, and groups that social workers interact with (Plath, 2006, p. 59). Clients are involved as knowledgeable contributors in decision-making. Any ambiguityRead MoreNational Association Of Social Workers1191 Words   |  5 PagesNational Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics Overview National Association of Social Workers created a Code of Ethics to determine how and when social workers should conduct their work to ensure clients are being treated effectively. The mission of social workers is to enhance human well-being and help to meet the basic human needs of all people. (National Association of Social Workers, 2008) Social workers fundamentally focus on the forces that create, contribute to, and addressRead MoreThe Profession Of Teaching : Candidate Self Evaluation Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesEDT 110: The Profession of Teaching Candidate Self Evaluation Grounded in the Marianist tradition, the mission of the Department of Teacher Education is to educate scholar practitioners who build community, engage in critical reflection, and embrace diversity for the promotion of social justice. Our department’s theme â€Å"Teacher as Reflective Decision Maker in a Pluralistic Society† embodies the tenets of our mission statement and enables us to continue our development of distinctive graduatesRead MoreWhy The Cswe And The Nasw View Research1452 Words   |  6 Pages1) Discuss why the CSWE and the NASW view research as important to our profession. Be thorough in your answer The CSWE and the NASW view research as important to our profession because social workers must use research to advise and support their interventions, thus social workers are held accountable to acquire the knowledge and skills to help all our clients. In regards to research, the CSWE has two policy statements that social worker must adhere by: â€Å"applying critical thinking to inform and communicateRead MoreA Research On Interprofessional Collaboration Is Defined As Students From Multiple Health Professions Learning Together1611 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION / BACKGROUND Interprofessional collaboration is defined as students from multiple health professions learning together and from one another with the end result of improving professional collaboration and patient outcomes1.The goal of IPE is to engage students across disciplines to work together and learn about collaborative practice, health literacy and to cultivate cultural awareness. Interprofessional collaboration in the health setting is a critical ingredient to achieving the TripleRead MoreMs. Wenger : Health Hospital For Suicidal Thoughts, And Chemical Dependency Issues Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesSummary Ms. Wenger is certified in Wisconsin to practice social work. Her certificate number was first issued on June 13, 2012. Ms. Wenger was employed as a program director at a community based residential facility, located in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. The respondent provided contracted services to Client A, who was a Department of Corrections client. Ms. Wegner and client A had sexual contact in her office, Client A’s bedroom in the facility, and in various locations in the community. This had been

John D. Perry s Will The Real Negros Please Stand Up...

Marc D. Perry writes â€Å"Who Dat?: Race and Its Conspicuous Consumption in Post-Katrina New Orleans† in an attempt to paint out the social and economic state of New Orleans, and how it worsened for African Americans post-Katrina. Judith M. Anderson’s article â€Å"Will the Real Negros Please Stand Up? Understanding Black Identity Politics in Buenos Aires, Argentina† calls attention to how the Afro-Argentines are trying to gain recognition for their presence in Argentina. The articles are similar in which that they both illustrate the ongoing obstacles blacks have to face where they are discriminated against, seen as incapable of being successful, and have to deal with white privilege. And although there are contrasts within black identity, most†¦show more content†¦Those who aren’t in the entertainment and tourist attraction business are described as criminals. They aren’t just committing crimes in their own poor or middle class communiti es but they also commit them in the richer parts of New Orleans as well, where the majority of residents are white. Perry goes on to provide statistics on how New Orleans is one of the most criminalized cities and has one of the highest urban homicide rates in America. Hurricane Katrina took the biggest hit on African Americans. The state put their basic rights and protections on hold and reduced funding on public programs that helped poor and working class African Americans. The â€Å"new† New Orleans, as Perry put it, became more dedicated to the white and richer class in which majority of the lost jobs went to white people. However there are some African Americans that have become successful. Some bands from New Orleans have done pretty well and have even gone on tour. The article then goes on to to mention that Indians are also a huge part of Mardi Gras as well. Just like the African Americans who are involved in entertaining, Indians who practice their culture and perfor m are usually the ones that stay off the streets and out of prison. The article â€Å"Will the Real Negros Please Stand up? Understanding Black Identity Politics in Buenos Aires, Argentina† digs deep into understanding the black population of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Argentina used to look to Europe as a framework for their

University of the District of Columbia Admissions Data

Whole Foods It s Incredible Rise Over The Past 34 Years

EXECUTION Whole Foods’ incredible rise over the past 34 years serves as evidence of their considerable ability to create a strategy and successfully execute it. Whole Foods differentiated itself by becoming the first Certified Organic grocer in the United States (1) and has stuck to the strategy of selling consumers organic and natural products. The successful execution of this strategy has allowed them to charge a premium for their products giving them higher net margins than nearly all of their competitors. (2) Their ability to earn such premiums has attracted the attention of industry incumbents who are now attempting to lure the increasingly health-conscious consumer with their own expanded offerings of organic and natural foods. For Whole Foods Market to retain their ability to earn such impressive premiums and sustain their growth they will have to execute on their strategy with even greater precision. â€Å"No firm can succeed for long without an intense focus on execution. Aver age executors are average performers, and poor executors risk decline and failure.† (3) Resources Capabilities The basis of a firms ability to successfully execute any strategy lie in it’s resources and capabilities.The greatest plan in the world means nothing without the means to carry it out. Resources, defined in the text Modern Competitive Strategy are: â€Å"relatively observable, tradable asset[s] that contributes to a firm’s market position by improving customer value, lowering cost, or both.†Show MoreRelatedThe Sharing Economy, Why People Participate For Collaborative Consumption1723 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction (Reference: The Sharing Economy, Why People Participate in Collaborative Consumption) The sharing economy has been growing significantly over the past couple of decades and has been taken a large sum of interest from investors across the world. The use of technology is crucial to sharing economy’s growth, for a larger scale and boost economic impact. The sharing economy is indeed a form of innovation that is more likely closer to a disruption. It is described as an emerging phenomenonRead More The Rise Of Violent Crime In Canada Essay2972 Words   |  12 Pages The Rise of Violent Crime In Canada Violent crime in Canada is on the rise in Canada as well as the types of violent crimes being committed against the public. It has been on the rise for many, many years. I believe and intend to prove in the following essay that it is societies responsibility for the rise of violent crime with their unwillingness and inability to effectively deal with the current trend in our society. In the last few years, a slight dip in violent crime has been notedRead MoreIndia 2020 - a Swot Analysis5173 Words   |  21 Pagesdeveloping economy in the globe. The way India has progressed post-liberalization; the GDP growth will move around 8.5 per cent on the average till next 20 years at least. The growth in the industrial sector tends to be about 9.9 per cent, about 9.4 per cent in the services sector and 3.9 per cent in the agricultural sector. In the last four years, the actual GDP growth in India has averaged 8 – 8.5 per cent. With skillful monitoring, India can achieve a GDP growth rate of 8.5 – 9 per cent. WithRead MoreDollar to Fall as World Currency12311 Words   |  50 PagesHello. My name is Porter Stansberry. A little over ten years ago I founded Stansberry Associates Investment Research. It has become one of the largest and most recognized investment research companies in the world, serving hundreds of thousands of subscribers in more than 120 countries. You may know of our firm because of the work we did over the last several years – helping investors avoid the big disasters associated with Wall Street s collapse. We warned investors to avoid FannieRead MoreStarbucks Case Study5067 Words   |  21 Pages[pic] Overview First Starbucks was a Private Company, from its inception in 1971, to it s initial public offering in 1992. We believe that there since the beginning, Starbucks strategy has been one of growth. They have demonstrated all dimensions of a growth strategy: Internationalization in expanding into new countries and the global market. It has shown concentration in being creative and relying on it s core competency of making high quality coffee and coffee equipment to develop new productsRead MoreComparing Allopathic And Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatments4784 Words   |  20 Pages(Lancet, 2012, 2163-2196). It is estimated that 60 to 70 percent of the industrialized population will experience non-specific LBP in their lifetimes with a one-year prevalence of 15 to 45 percent (Taimela, Kujala, Salminen, Viljanen, 1997, 1132-1136). Children and adolescents have a lower prevalence rate than adults, but is rapidly on the rise (Balague, Troussier, Salminen, 1999, 429-438). Economic impact of LBP This pervasiveness of LBP causes a great economic strain on individuals, families, communitiesRead MorePrivate Equity And Venture Capital6778 Words   |  28 PagesFinal year project proposal TITLE PRIVATE EQUITY/VENTURE CAPITAL INTRODUCTION This section will give a short introduction to this dissertation, by identifying a context for the placement of the research in terms of the literature and also why this topic is worthy of research. An overview of the private equity industry will be given, followed by the research objectives, contributions and targeted audience. This paper examines the effect of private equity industry on the performances of portfolioRead MoreMarketing the National Hockey League6778 Words   |  28 PagesBut there had been important achievements. For the first time in over 20 years the NHL had a network television contract in the United States. Fan support for the shortened season had been surprisingly resilient with attendance averaging 95% for the league overall. In looking to the future, Gary Bettman proposed, Our goal is to take hockey to the next level. We have a great product. Hockey has been successful over the past 75 years. We’ve thrilled fans and provided financial returns for our ownersRead MoreAnalylis Primark22310 Words   |  90 Pages................................................................................ 1 Swot Analysis .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Porter‟s Five Forces .. ............................................................................................................................... 14 Driver of Change ....................................................................................Read More5 Hour Energy Shot Business Proposal for the United Kingdom Expansion10942 Words   |  44 Pagesbeverage market, which should open the door for future growth into other European countries over the next 5-10 years. The target market will be the general consumer with a strong focus on the office worker and older consumer. iii Energy shots appeal to a wider group including older people, women, and professionals, the office audience,† who is about â€Å"conformity: staying alert, working harder.† In the past, marketing has also positioned energy drinks as promoting rebelliousness and an association

Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Four Free Essays

string(42) " a dark corner as panic raced through me\." Avery was a spirit user. â€Å"Oh shit.† I sat back down on the bed, my mind reeling. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Four or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’d never seen it coming. Hell, no one had. Avery had made a good show of being an air user. Each Moroi had a very low level of control in each element. She’d just barely done enough with air to make it seem like that was her specialization. No one had questioned her further because honestly, who would have ever expected another spirit user around? And since she was out of school, she had no reason to be tested anymore or forced to demonstrate her ability. No one was there to call her on it. The more I thought about it, the more the little signs were there. The charming personality, the way she could talk people into anything. How many of her interactions were spirit controlled? And was it possible†¦ was it possible that Adrian’s attraction had been compulsion on her part? I had no reason to feel happy about that, but†¦ well, I did. More to the point, what did Avery want with Lissa? Avery compelling Adrian into liking her wasn’t too out there. He was good-looking and came from an important family. He was the queen’s great-nephew, and although family members of the current monarch could never inherit the throne immediately afterward, he’d have a good future, one that would always keep him in the highest circles of society. But Lissa? What was Avery’s game there? What did she have to gain? Lissa’s behavior all made sense now-the uncharacteristic partying, weird moods, jealousy, fights with Christian†¦ Avery was pushing Lissa over the edge, causing her to make horrible choices. Avery was using some sort of compulsion to spin Lissa out of control, alienating her and putting her life in danger. Why? What did Avery want? It didn’t matter. The why wasn’t important. The how was, as in how I was going to get out of here and back to my best friend. I looked down at myself, at the delicate silk dress I wore. Suddenly, I hated it. It was a sign of how I’d been, weak and useless. I hastily took it off and ransacked my closet. They’d taken away my jeans and T-shirt, but I’d at least been allowed to keep my hoodie. I put on the green sweater dress, seeing as it was the sturdiest thing I had, feeling moderately more capable. I slipped the hoodie on over it. It hardly made me feel like a badass warrior, but I did feel more competent. Sufficiently dressed for action, I returned to the living room and started that pacing that tended to help me think better-not that I had any reason to believe I was going to come up with new ideas. I’d been trying to for days and days with no luck. Nothing was going to change. â€Å"Damn it!† I yelled, feeling better with the outburst. Angry, I flounced into the desk chair, amazed that I hadn’t simply thrown it against the wall in my frustration. The chair wobbled, ever so slightly. Frowning, I stood up and looked at it. Everything else in this place was state-of-the-art. Odd that I’d have a faulty chair. I knelt down and examined it more closely. There, on one of the legs, was a crack near where the leg joined with the seat. I stared. All of the furniture here was industrial strength, with no obvious joints. I should know, seeing how long I’d beat this chair against the wall when I first arrived. I hadn’t even dented it. Where had this crack come from? Slamming it over and over had done nothing. But I hadn’t been the only one to hit it. That very first day, I’d fought with Dimitri and come after him with the chair. He’d taken it from me and thrown it against the wall. I’d never paid attention to it again, having given up on breaking it. When I’d later tried cracking the window, I’d used an end table because it was heavier. My strength hadn’t been able to damage the chair-but his had. I picked up the chair and immediately slammed it into that diamond-hard window, half-hoping I might kill two birds with one stone. Nope. Both remained intact. So I did it again. And again. I lost track of how many times I slammed that chair into the glass. My hands hurt, and I knew despite my recovery, I still wasn’t at full strength. It was infuriating. Finally, on what felt like my gazillionth try, I looked at the chair and saw the crack had grown bigger. The progress renewed my will and strength. I hit and hit, ignoring the pain as the wood bit into my hands. At long last, I heard a crack, and the leg broke off. I picked it up and stared in amazement. The break hadn’t been clean. It was splintered and sharp. Sharp enough to be a stake? I wasn’t sure. But I knew for a fact that wood was hard, and if I used enough force, I might be able to hit a Strigoi’s heart. It wouldn’t kill one, but the blow would stun. I didn’t know if it’d be enough to get me out of here, but it was all I had now. And it was a hell of a lot more than I’d had one hour ago. I sat back on the bed, recovering from my battle with the chair and tossing the makeshift stake back and forth. Okay. I had a weapon now. But what could I do with it? Dimitri’s face flashed in my mind’s eye. Damn it. There was no question about it. He was the obvious target, the one I’d have to deal with first. The door suddenly clicked open, and I looked up with alarm. Quickly, I shoved the chair into a dark corner as panic raced through me. You read "Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Four" in category "Essay examples" No, no. I wasn’t ready. I hadn’t fully convinced myself to stake him. It was Inna. She carried a tray but didn’t wear her usual subservient expression. The brief look she gave me was filled with hate. I didn’t know what she had to be pissed off about. It wasn’t like I’d caused her any damage. Yet. I strode over like I was going to examine the tray. Lifting the lid, I saw a ham sandwich and french fries. It looked good-I hadn’t eaten in a while -but the adrenaline running through me had shoved any appetite I might have to the background. I glanced back up at her, smiling sweetly. She shot me daggers. Don’t hesitate, Dimitri had always said. I didn’t. I jumped at Inna, throwing her so hard against the floor that her head slammed back. She looked dazed, but quickly recovered and tried to fight back. I wasn’t drugged up this time-well, not much-and my years of training and natural strength finally showed themselves again. I pressed my body against her, keeping her firmly in place. Then, I produced the stake I’d had concealed and pressed those sharp points against her neck. It was like being back in the days of pinning Strigoi in alleys. She couldn’t see that my weapon was a chair leg, but the sharp points got her attention as I dug them into her throat. â€Å"The code,† I said. â€Å"What is the code?† Her only response was a string of obscenities in Russian. Okay, not a surprise, considering she probably didn’t understand me. I flipped through the meager Russian-English dictionary in my head. I’d been in the country long enough to pick up some vocabulary. Admittedly, it was equivalent to a two-year-old’s, but even they could communicate. â€Å"Numbers,† I said in Russian. â€Å"Door.† At least, that’s what I hoped I said. She said more impolite things to me, her expression defiant. It really was the Strigoi interrogation all over. My stake bit harder, drawing blood, and I forcibly restrained myself. I might question whether I had the strength to pierce a Strigoi heart with this, but severing a human’s vein? Cake. She faltered a little, apparently realizing the same thing. Again, I attempted my broken Russian. â€Å"Kill you. No Nathan. Never†¦Ã¢â‚¬  What was the word? The church service came back to me, and I hoped I had it right. â€Å"Never eternal life.† It got her attention. Nathan and eternal life. The things most important to her. She bit her lip, still angry, but her tirade had stopped. â€Å"Numbers. Door,† I repeated. I pushed the stake in harder, and she cried out in pain. At last she spoke, rattling off a series of digits. Russian numbers were something I had memorized pretty solidly, at least. They were essential for addresses and phone numbers. She cited seven numbers. â€Å"Again,† I said. I made her say it three times and hoped I had it. But there was more. I was pretty sure the outer door had a different code. â€Å"Numbers. Door. Two.† I felt like a caveman. Inna stared, not quite getting it. â€Å"Door. Two.† Understanding glinted in her eyes, and she looked mad. I think she’d hoped I wouldn’t realize the other door had its own code. More cutting with the stake made her scream seven more numbers. Again, I made her repeat them, realizing I had no way to know if she was telling me the truth at least until I tried the numbers. For that reason, I decided to keep her around. I felt guilty about what I did next, but these were desperate times. In guardian training, I’d been taught both to kill and to incapacitate. I did the latter this time, slamming her head back against the floor and rendering her unconscious. Her expression went slack, her eyelids drooping. Damn. I was reduced to hurting teenage humans. Standing up, I moved to the door and punched in the first set of numbers, hoping I had them right. To my complete and utter astonishment, I did. The electronic lock clicked, but before I could open the door, I just barely made out another click. Someone had unlocked the outer door. â€Å"Shit,† I muttered. I pulled away from the door immediately, picked up Inna’s unconscious body, and hurried to the bathroom. I set her in the tub as gently as possible and had just shut the bathroom door when I heard the main door open. I felt the telltale nausea that signaled a Strigoi was nearby. I knew one of the Strigoi could smell a human, and I hoped shutting her away would be enough to mute Inna’s scent. I emerged from the hall and found Dimitri in the living room. I grinned at him and ran into his arms. â€Å"You’re back,† I said happily. He held me briefly and then stepped back. â€Å"Yes.† He seemed slightly pleased at the greeting, but soon his face was all business. â€Å"Have you made your decision?† No hello. No how are you feeling? My heart sank. This wasn’t Dimitri. â€Å"I have more questions.† I went over to the bed and lay down in a casual way, just like we always did. He followed a few moments later and sat on the edge, looking down at me. â€Å"How long will it take?† I asked. â€Å"When you awaken me? Is it instantaneous?† Once more, I launched into an interrogation session. Honestly, I was running out of questions, and at this point, I didn’t really want to know the intricacies of becoming Strigoi. I was becoming more and more agitated with each passing moment. I had to act. I had to make use of my fleeting opportunity here. And yet†¦ before I could act, I had to reassure myself that this really wasn’t Dimitri. It was stupid. I should know by now. I could see the physical changes. I’d seen his coldness, the brutality. I’d seen him come fresh from a kill. This wasn’t the man I’d loved. And yet†¦ for that one fleeting moment earlier†¦ With a sigh, Dimitri stretched out beside me. â€Å"Rose,† he interrupted, â€Å"if I didn’t know better, I’d say you were stalling for time.† Yeah, even as a Strigoi, Dimitri knew how I thought and schemed. I realized if I was going to be convincing, I had to stop playing dumb and remember to be Rose Hathaway. I put on a look of outrage. â€Å"Of course I am! This is a big deal. I came here to kill you, and now you’re asking me to join you. You think this is easy for me to do?† â€Å"Do you think it’s been easy for me to wait this long?† he asked. â€Å"The only ones who get choices are Moroi who willingly kill, like the Ozeras. No one else gets a choice. I didn’t get a choice.† â€Å"And don’t you regret that?† â€Å"No, not now. Now that I’m who I was meant to be.† He frowned. â€Å"The only thing hurt is my pride-that Nathan forced me and that he acts as though I’m indebted to him. Which is why I’m being kind enough to give you the choice now, for the sake of your pride.† Kind, huh? I looked at him and felt my heart breaking all over again. It was like hearing the news of his death once more. I suddenly grew afraid I might cry. No. No tears. Dimitri always talked about prey and predators. I had to be the predator. â€Å"You’re sweating,† he said suddenly. â€Å"Why?† Damn, damn, damn. Of course I was sweating. I was contemplating staking the man I loved-or thought I’d loved. And along with sweat, I was sure I was giving off pheromones of my agitation. Strigoi could smell all of those things, too. â€Å"Because I’m scared,† I whispered. I propped myself up and stroked the edge of his face, trying to memorize all of his features. The eyes. The hair. The shape of his cheekbones. In my imagination, I overlaid the things I remembered. Dark eyes. Tanned skin. Sweet smile. â€Å"I†¦ I think I’m ready, but it’s†¦ I don’t know. It’s such a big thing.† â€Å"It’ll be the best decision of your life, Roza.† My breathing was growing rapid, and I prayed he’d think it was because of my fear of being turned. â€Å"Tell me again. One more time. Why do you want to awaken me so badly?† A slightly weary look crossed his face. â€Å"Because I want you. I’ve always wanted you.† And that’s when I knew. I finally realized the problem. He’d given that same answer over and over, and each time, something about it had bothered me. I’d never been able to pinpoint it, though. Now I could. He wanted me. Wanted me in the way people wanted possessions or collectibles. The Dimitri I’d known†¦ the one I’d fallen for and slept with†¦ that Dimitri would have said he wanted us to be together because he loved me. There was no love here. I smiled at him. Leaning down, I kissed him gently. He probably thought I was doing it for the reasons I always did, out of attraction and desire. In truth, it was a goodbye kiss. His mouth answered mine, his lips warm and eager. I held out the kiss a little longer, both to fight back the tears leaking out of my eyes and to lull him into an unsuspecting state. My hand closed around the chair leg, which I’d hidden in my hoodie pocket. I would never forget Dimitri, not for the rest of my life. And this time, I wouldn’t forget his lessons. With a speed he wasn’t ready for, I struck out and plunged the stake through his chest. My strength was there-sliding the stake past the ribs and straight into his heart. And as I did it, it was like piercing my own heart at the same time. How to cite Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Four, Essay examples

A lesson before dying 2 Essay Example For Students

A lesson before dying 2 Essay Report In the novel, A Lesson Before Dying, By Ernest Gaines, the main character, Grant Wiggins gives a man meaning in his last days alive. Wiggins gives him a book to write his thoughts in, and helps him to realize that he is not a hog. He shows him that he is truly a good person, and that he should die with his head up, knowing that he led a worthy and honest life. Mr. Wiggins changed greatly through the story, from a cold school teacher to an open hearted and caring man. This helped his relationship with others as well as Jefferson. Through his changing, he became the one man that Jefferson could trust. In a rural town in Louisiana in the late 1940s a poorly educated young black man, Jefferson, is in the wrong place at the wrong time: he is in a bar with two friends when they murder the white bartender. Jefferson is unfairly convicted of murder and sentenced to the electric chair by a white judge and jury. His defense lawyer, in an attempt to ward off the death sentence, labels him a hogand it is this label that Jeffersons godmother wants disproved. She enlists the help of a plantation school teacher, Grant Wiggins, who at first isnt too keen on the idea of helping a crook. Wiggins agrees to talk with Jefferson only out of a sense of dutyhe is an unhappy, angry man who dreamt of escape from his deprived childhood yet returned to his hometown after a university education to teach in the same one-room parish school he attended. Despite humiliation at the hands of the white sheriff, Jeffersons lack of cooperation, and his own sense of futility and uncertain faith, Wiggins forges a bond with Jefferson that leads to wisdom and courage for both. At first, Jefferson sees himself as a hog, and nothing but a hog. It takes Wiggins much time and strength to convince him that he should live his last days with pride and dignity. Jefferson looks at the entire situation as his fault and will only do what Miss Emma and Tante Lou see fit for him to do. If thats what they want, Jefferson said. No, not what they want; what you want, says GrantIf thats what they want, Im gon die anyhow, says Jefferson.(p.135) Wiggins begins his teaching as he has taught for years, which is not allowing it to change his life. However, as he continues to teach Jefferson, he not only speaks, but starts to listen and learn. Jefferson sees that he should let Wiggins into his life, and he starts to change. I saw a slight smile come to his face, and it was not a bitter smile. Not bitter at all. A hog cant show emotions, but a man can. At this moment, he developed from a hog to a man. This is the focal point of the story, and from this point on, both men look at life completely differently. There is the epiphany of the story, where Mr. Wiggins realizes that the purpose of life is to help make the world a better place, and at that time he no longer minds visiting Jefferson and starts to become his friend. Mr. Wiggins relationship with his aunt declined in this story, although it was never very strong. His aunt treated him like he should be a hog and always obey, yet she wanted him to make a hog into a man. His aunt was not a very nice person, she would only show kindness towards people who shared many of her views, and therefore was probably a very hard person to get along with. The way Mr. Wiggins regarded his relationships most likely would have been different were he white. .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 , .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 .postImageUrl , .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 , .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2:hover , .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2:visited , .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2:active { border:0!important; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2:active , .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2 .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f0079461a61b855417c90d113c219f2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Cloning: A Benefit to Humanity Essay Mr. Wiggins feels, and rightly so, that several white men try to mock or make a fool of him throughout the story. This was a time of racial discrimination with much bigotry, so if the story took place in the present, it would be much different. In fact, there probably would have not even been a book because in the modern day, an honest and just .

Unemployment Essay Example For Students

Unemployment Essay Unemployment Essay By getting the proper education and applying for a job, our unemployment has a good chance of decreasing a fair amount. Unemployment is a big issue since some people seem to think that they can stay unemployed and on welfare for their whole life and get a fair amount of money from our government. Permanent unemployment is BAD. Its bad for people, its bad for business and industry, its bad for productivity and therefor prosperity (Sartorius, unemployment 4-5). Some citizens believe that even though the current unemployment rate is only about five percent, that still is not that good considering how many people that there are in the United States of America. 3 percent, a tenth of a point increase from the January and February 2001 rate of 4.2%. The number of individuals employed decreased by 86,000. An unemployment rate of 4.3 percent for March 2001 is the highest unemployment rate since July 1999, but only slightly higher than the 3.9 to 4. 1 percent range from October 1999 to the end of 2000. Prior to that, the unemployment rate had been in a steady decline since shortly after the last recession in 1990-1991. The average monthly increase in employment was approximately 155,000 in 2000 and 220,000 in 1999. For almost ten years, unemployment has fallen and the number of employed persons has increased by more than 15 million. In March 2001, the number of jobs decreased by 86,000, the largest monthly decrease since 1991. Job losses were most prominent in the manufacturing sector (81,000 jobs), but there were also losses in the retail trade sector (46,000 jobs). These losses were partially offset by employment increases experienced in the construction and finance sectors. Growth in employment in 2000 was 1.9 million; in 1999, the increase in employment equaled 2.8 million. For most of 2000, unemployment remained between 3.9 and 4. 1 percent of the labor force. In the first three-quarters of 2000, the numbers of individuals in the labor force were increasing at a rate that many observers said could not be sustained without considerable inflationary pressures. The growth in the labor force depends upon the growth of the working age population and increases in the percentage of that group willing to work. Projections are that the size of the group will continue to grow slightly more than one percent a year and that the percentage working will not increase significantly. Under those conditions, the sustainable monthly growth in jobs is about 155,000. The last three months of 2000 have shown growth in the labor force that is less than that sustainable growth rate. Newspapers and magazines are writing about the slowing growth in the U.S. economy. References are pointing to the slowing growth in spending which is resulting in cutbacks in production and in some cases employment. The result of that slowing growth is this months increase in the unemployment rate and decrease in employment. In May of 1999, the Federal Reserve began a policy of slowing the rate of growth in the money supply and creating increases in short-term interest rates. That policy lasted through November of 2000. The goal was to slow the rate of growth in spending in the economy to be more in line with the growth in capacity. That policy has surely had an affect and evidence of that are beginning to appear in a slower growth in real gross domestic products (GDP) in the last quarter of 2000, a rise in unemployment from October through February, and the slowing increase in the number of jobs. Inflation is a sustained increase in the overall level of prices. The most widely reported measurement of inflation is the consumer price index (CPI). The CPI measures the cost of a fixed basket of goods relative to the cost of that same basket of goods in a base year. Child Abuse Essay Without excess spending, the whole line of supply and demand is severely impacted. After the peak and recession phase, the economy enters its lowest point (Sharpiro, 1996). The factories and firms begin to operate at less productive levels. This, in turn, creates high unemployment. This phase is referred to as ;trough;. The economy now enters another phase that impacts the unemployment rate. This phase is known as .

Sample Paragraph Essay For Elementary Students

Sample Paragraph Essay For Elementary StudentsSample Paragraph Essay for Elementary Students will help them understand what to write and where they should start from. They will know that they are writing a well-structured and comprehensive essay and they will start to feel more confident about writing one.It is important to remember that college admissions officers look at essays for elementary students. That means that even if you didn't get a grade of perfection, it will show the admissions officer that you have taken the time to really study your topic and that you have not just written it out in a hurry without putting any thought into it. To make it even better, this college-going experience will leave a good impression on other people who read your essay.If you are beginning writer, you will be surprised at how many articles and books have already been written on grammar and spelling errors and how much has already been taught. This is an important part of essay writing. The mo st important thing is that your grammar and spelling are correct. If you have even one problem with either, chances are your essay will not stand out as well as you would like it to do.The basic sentence structure is important. You should start each paragraph with a sentence, that you have put together in your head. This can be done by finding a suitable word or phrase that you like and then starting your paragraph with that.The introduction of your essay should be ready-made by using the basic sentence structure and not starting it off with too much information. It is important to avoid the temptation to force information onto your readers.Sample Writing for Elementary Students is helpful for writing in a very short period of time. When you are writing a one page essay, you can skip all the difficult sections. You don'thave to get bogged down with paragraphs that need several paragraphs to get through.Using this material as a guide can save you the trouble of trying to figure out a ll the rules in order to make your essay professional and persuasive. Since so many essays are written by people who haven't done college-going, they are much easier to write.

Ethics and clinical trials

The Ol Olde Gets Old

The Ol Olde Gets Old The Ol Olde Gets Old The Ol Olde Gets Old By Mark Nichol Writers’ efforts to evoke a folksy or quaint sensibility by using a variation on the word old often fail because they use the wrong form. This post discusses the proper use of the variations. When the intent is to simulate a drawl, the correct version of old is ol’, which follows the common pattern of dropping a word’s final consonant to relax pronunciation, as in, for example, rollin’ in place of rolling. This is the use seen in phrases such as â€Å"good ol’ boy† and in the song title â€Å"Ol’ Man River,† which alludes to the personification of the Mississippi River as an entity oblivious to the cares of the people who travel on it. â€Å"Good ol’ boy† has positive and negative connotations in the American South and other areas; the positive sense is of a humble but well-bred man, though the pejorative sense of an ignorant and intolerant man is dominant. (In one region of England, however, the connotation is simply of a likeable man.) â€Å"Good ol’ boys’ club† or â€Å"good ol’ boys’ network alludes to an excessively insular group of men who discriminate against or ostracize others who are different or not associated with them. (The phrases were inspired by the British English notion of the â€Å"old boy network,† describing men linked by virtue of being alumni of certain prestigious public schools, with a similar but somewhat more elitist subtext.) Ol’ is preferable to ole (not to be confused with olà ©, a Spanish exclamation synonymous with bravo! and, like that word, always punctuated with an exclamation point, which is nevertheless enshrined in the name of the Grand Ole Opry and in Ole Miss, the nickname for the University of Mississippi, as well as in the song title â€Å"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree.† When establishing a reference to a real or imagined medieval sensibility, the archaism olde often appears in such designations as â€Å"Ye Olde Shoppe.† Olde dates back to a time when spelling was more flexible (and may reflect pronunciation during that era) and was revived starting in the mid-nineteenth century to suggest an air of antiquity. Olde is valid, if a bit precious, but the word that often precedes it is misunderstood. Note that ye is not used here as an archaic form of you; it includes a variant of the obsolete English letter thorn, which resembles a mash-up of b and p and represents the soft th sound in the (as opposed to the hard sound in thorn). Therefore, it is correctly pronounced as the. Olden is a variant of the adjective old, unnecessary except to lend a flavor of antiquity (as in the phrase â€Å"in olden times†). Auld, from an earlier pronunciation for old, was preserved in northern England and in Scotland; it’s best known as the first word in the song title â€Å"Auld Lang Syne† (in Scots, literally â€Å"old long since,† meaning â€Å"long ago† or â€Å"old times†). Old itself is often part of a nickname bestowed out of respect; among the recipients of such an epithet are President Andrew â€Å"Old Hickory† Jackson, two naval vessels dubbed Old Ironsides because of their sturdy hulls, and the nursery rhyme character Old Mother Hubbard. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcCannot or Can Not?90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

Is Howard Campbell Insane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Howard Campbell Insane - Essay Example I believe that Howard Campbell is not insane because, first of all, Howard Campbell lost his hope and became a death in society. Secondly, he always pretended to be someone else. So he could continue to live but knew what he was doing. He was not only a hero in his life but also died like a hero. He saw life with different angles and faced various difficult situations. But he never lost his hope and came up victoriously from all those difficult situations. He lived in the dark and was fearful about all the things around him. This was basically the way for him to regain the aims and expectations of living life. He started to recognize the importance of life. The Second World War taught him how to view all the aspects of life. Howard Campbell lost his hope and became a death in society because he not only lost his wife, Helga, but also his writing talent. As Howard Campbell said, â€Å"That was how I lost her. She was entertaining troops in the Crimea, and the Russians took the Crimea back. My Helga was presumed dead† (Vonnegut 42). So Howard lost his hope and tried to run away from reality because his wife was everything to him. â€Å"And so, with my Helga presumed dead, I became a death worshiper, as content as any narrow –minded religious nut anywhere. Always alone, I drank toasts to her, said good morning to her, said good night to her, played music for her, and didn’t give any damn for one thing else† (Vonnegut 47). Howard became a discouraged person who was spending all his energy and life in order to stay alive. So he had a little efficiency for anything else. And that is why he lost his interest in everything and also lost his writing talent. â€Å"The part of me that wanted to tell the truth got turned into an expert liar! The lover in me got turned into a pornographer! The artist in me got turned into ugliness such as the world has rarely seen before† (Vonnegut 206). But after all

Reading assignemn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading assignemn - Essay Example Mahmud thus is against America’s pretence of being secular and impartial toward religion but it’s in fact so much involved in religious and politics already. Mahmud regards America’s involvement in religious politics, its support of Israel and for â€Å"enemies of Islam† such as Egypt, is not the result of Christianity. Rather it was due to America’s ideology of secularism which Mahmud regards as hostility toward religion, especially Islam. Religion is deeply involved and in fact it is firmly entrenched in this whole issue. 2. Rantisi claims that Hamas is in a state of war simply because of Israel’s stance toward Palestine-especially toward Hamas concept of an Islamic Palestine. Thus Israel wants to destroy Islamic nationalism. Rantisi explains that the bombings are a moral lesson and the actions of self-martyrs are understandable and simply responses to the oppression brought about by the Israelis. Unlike other movements, Hamas was purely founded on religious principles. Muslims can legitimately use violence while responding to attacks and other forms of violence from the Israeli side, acts that frequently affect innocent civilians. In this sense they are defensive since they are victims in this struggle and not the cause of it. 3. Some of the modern Islamic justifications for the use of violence claim that in case of aggression, or usurping of a Muslim land, they must call for hitting the attacker and the aggressor to end the aggression. Killing of an enemy of Islam is also justified. Use of force is also consistent with Islamic principles and Khomeini of Iran claims that he knows of no command more binding to the Muslim than the command to sacrifice life and property to defend and bolster Islam. There are some Islamic tenets that condone struggle and the use of force. There are therefore some Muslim principles that justify killing as in the defense of

Business Ethics Case Study: Primark

Business Ethics Case Study: Primark This assignment will review the literature on Business Ethics within the context of a particular organisation PRIMARK. To enhance our understanding of the concepts of values and morals our study defines and evaluates ethics in a business context; simultaneously throwing light on issues such as disposable fashion and ethical sourcing. 1. INTRODUCTION Primark, the cult value fashion brand owned by Associated British Foods (ABF) is the largest clothing retailer in UK by volume with a whooping 207 stores spanning across Europe. Mr. Arthur Ryan, founder and chairman has been credited of bringing affordable fashion to the high street and is also credited for nurturing Primark into an astounding success story. Starting from the first store in Ireland in 1969 till the 207th store in 2010, this brand has experienced phenomenal growth. Primark picked up the Multi Market Retailer of the year 2010 award at the Oracle world retail awards ceremony. Market Share 18.2% (http://www.primark.co.uk/page.aspx?pointerid=eb44df4565934edca627dac6ec12145a) 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Business Ethics Barry (1979) defines Ethics as studying what constitutes good and bad human conduct, including related actions and values. According to Velasquez (2010), the prime focus of business ethics lay on morals and values with respect to company policies, decisions and framework. He categorizes business ethics by: social issues, company issues and individual issues. From the National Business Ethics Survey (NBES), Verschoor cited that companies today are increasingly giving importance to ethical behavior and social responsibility. Also, more unethical practices are getting exposed rather than unethical behavior committed. Hence, it confirms evidence of the fact that companies are taking this issue seriously in order to not jeopardize their global brand and image. At this juncture, one should think about why should companies engage in ethical business practices? Is it simply to abide by the law, as it is the right thing to do or because it benefits them to do so? This may seem as a moral dilemma in several ways since it is the central issue in business ethics. (Fisher and Lovell, 2009) An increasing number of consumers make their purchase decisions based on ethical values of a company. Hence, it is crucial to make consumers aware of the ethical issues in trade and to understand what would prompt them to modify their consumption patterns. Marketing strategies can then be developed based on this understanding. (http://www.nri.org/publications/policyseries/PolicySeriesNo12.pdf) Ethical Consumerism Ethical Consumerism is an emerging process that emphasizes on socially responsible trade activities. It is just as much about supporting the good companies and products, as it is about withdrawing support from the bad ones. An ethical consumer will help in providing information one needs to make an informed decision about a purchase. (http://www.ethicalconsumer.org/ShoppingEthically/WhyBuyEthically.aspx) (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1690945) Positive ethical purchase behavior, takes into account the trends that comprise attempts to purchase ethical products. For example, use of Fair-trade or Organic products. Negative ethical purchase behavior or boycott, has been regarded as the key form of ethical consumerism. It means avoiding products that are unethical. Therefore, an informed consumer would only choose products that reflect moral responsibility. For instance, in 1997 MORI survey for CAFOD on purchasing products from developing countries, there was particularly high support for a minimum agreed standard of labor conditions for workers in developing countries; 92% of the sample thought that this should apply to UK companies. (http://www.nri.org/publications/policyseries/PolicySeriesNo12.pdf) Ethical Sourcing Ethical sourcing simply put is the moral standards put forward by companies, which source their goods from other third party vendors. These standards have been set up to allow companies to ensure that the work they have contracted out to third party firms, have been conducted in an ethical manner. A critical analysis of the levels of ethical standards would lead one to an understanding that the highest level of ethical compliance lies in ethical sourcing. This is because nearly all other ethical standards are internal standards falling within the control of an organization and its framework, whereas ethical sourcing would deal with the (outsourced) production outside the purview of the organization. In essence, to be a supplier for an organization that has ethical sourcing guidelines, the supplier must also be an ethical organization. However, this is an ethical standard that is predominantly seen in companies in developed countries that contract their work to companies located in de veloping countries. Ethical Sourcing in the society is not well regulated although there are rules and statutes in place. In the UK, the Combined Code on corporate governance does not deem it essential for companies to adhere to certain policies. Companies can get away with simply explaining why they have not complied with specific provisions in their annual report. This again is only a regulatory mechanism that is in place for public limited companies, which are listed on the stock exchange (Preuss, 2009). Both these mechanisms were set up to pacify the public and various industry players, as neither of these acts have actual policing power. Most companies Ethical Sourcing guide is a copy from governing bodies Statute on Ethical Sourcing. The governing body in the United Kingdom is the ETI (Ethical Trading Initiative) (Preuss, 2009). The ETI is essentially a consortium of companies, trade unions and industry players who work together for the upliftment of the workers who make various consumer goods. Most companies take the statute from the ETI and plug in their own inputs or areas of concern. According to Preuss Ethical Sourcing includes ensuring ethical standards are followed by work contracted to outside companies from an environmental, economic and social standpoint. However one must realize that these are determined by the individual companies and are tailored to suit their needs and stress is laid on areas of concern to the company putting forth these standards. This leads ethical sourcing standards to be very industry and firm specific. According to Preuss, the key areas of concern, in order of importance, across industries are as follows: a) Employment Issues Compliance with Local Laws Safe working environment No Child Labor Non- Excessive working hours Avoiding Illegal Immigrants b) Environmental Issues Commitment to Environmental Protection Compliance to local laws Minimization of Waste Control of Emission/ Pollution Use of Environmentally friendly Technologies c) Economic Issues Confidentiality of Supplier Issues Prompt Payment Reciprocal Business Relationship not required Support for Smaller and Local Suppliers Recognizing Risk of Dependant Suppliers Acknowledge Hardship where Relationship ended (Preuss, 2009) 3. ANALYSIS The world we live in has moved into a new stage of mass consumerism, where no matter how much we have is never enough. As a result, our lives have become more materialistic. This shift has been extremely beneficial to large corporations, who have recognised and exploited the potential of the markets. This holds true for several industries especially the retail and fashion industry. Disposable fashion or Fast fashion is the new trend, which has been catching on among clothing giants like HM, Forever21, New Look and Primark. It refers to the practice of producing cheaper imitations of the latest fashion trends that are mass-produced quickly at comparatively low costs. This makes fashion more accessible to a larger segment of the population. It may be considered a boon by millions of avid shoppers but it also has considerable drawbacks. First, it possess a serious threat to Fashion designers whose work has been replicated. Further, the ways in which these garments and accessories are being produced also have serious environmental consequences. Lastly, the business models that make the retail giants everyday low prices possible rely on subsidies from millions of people around the globe (Cashing In: Clean Clothes Campaign, 2009). Millions of workers in the fashion industry have become little more than slaves, stated Neil Kearney (2007), General Secretary of the International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers ´ Federation (ITGLWF). Poor working conditions and terms of employment, along with low wages are common problems that occur across garment-manufacturing factories. Workers in countries like India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and China have a large population that lives below the poverty line, providing extremely cheap labour for companies worldwide. This already oppressed section of society is further exploited to meet the needs of large corporations globally. Workers in garment manufacturing factories are often robbed of their basic rights. A woman at a Walmart and Carrefour supplier in Bangladesh reportedly said, I feel so sick and tired after a days work that I do not want to work the next day. But hunger does not allow thinking of sickness; the thought of living with an empty stomach makes everyth ing else forgotten. We work to save ourselves from hunger. (Clean Clothes Campaign, 2009). Unfortunately, the impact on these factory workers is not equally spread. It is the women and children who suffer the most. A recent survey in India suggests that a quarter of all garment factories are employing under-age labour. Most of the production is for export to Europe (Neil Kearney, 2007). The scandalous truth is that the majority of workers in the global fashion industry rarely earn more than two dollars a day, in an industry worth over  £36 billion a year in the UK alone(Lets Clean Up Fashion, 2009). Workers wages are often much lower than the cost of living in their respective countries. Labourers work for over 80 hours a week at 5pence an hour and are often not paid for the additional hours of work they put in. A woman at a Tesco Supplier was documented saying, We do a lot of overtime. Almost every day there is at least one hour extra. We are called on Sundays as well. However, our monthly wage slip will not show all the overtime that we do. It will quote only 1-2 hours as overtime in a month (Clean Clothes Campaign, 2009). Garment workers are the linchpins of an industry worth over  £36 billion annually in the UK alone (Lets Clean Up Fashion, 2008). Workers in these garment factories end up paying a high price for cheap clothes. The colossal growth of such companies is a testament to the thriving businesses that they are running. Therefore, making their responsibility towards their operations even more pertinent. Many low cost giant retailers claim that they are taking measures to ethically source their materials and ensure workers labour rights, however, this is not enough. There is an urgent need for improvements in the corporate social responsibility system, on behalf of the garment retailers. Primark, part of ABF is the second largest clothing retailer in UK in terms of volume (Associated British Foods; Retail Segmentation, 2010). The Primark brand has made itself synonymous with affordable fashion. Its value proposition is to provide low cost and highly fashionable clothing, which is targeted at lower income, fashion conscious shoppers. Keeping this in mind, it is no real mystery that Primark must keep its production and overhead costs as low as possible so as to profitably sell their cheaply priced goods. To maintain profitability and to keep their value proposition in mind, Primark had to keep the production costs low. This had been done by outsourcing work to textile factories in developing countries across Asia. Primark claims that these factories are properly vetted and audited to ensure adherence to fairly high ethical standards that are a part of their supplier contract. Here, a question arises as to how does Primark manage to provide cheap clothing? It is assumed to be the result of negotiations with their suppliers, which is something most suppliers would be willing to compromise on, just to include a brand like Primark on their client list. The onus lies on these suppliers to produce goods at extremely low costs, considering the abundant availability of cheap labour in developing countries. However, they may opt to subcontract the work or parts of it to vendors with less standardised capital equipment in terms of employee work force and standard of work areas just to maintain optimum profitability. These subcontractors are generally production houses that operate from basements or garages rather than an industrialised area. They simply provide a more profitable way for the contractor to get their orders completed. Surprisingly, these subcontractors are outside the purview of most audits and do not form a part of the regulated market. This allows them to operate, abusing many laws and flouting most rules prescribed by the government and by Primark who gives the original order for production. They ensure that the goods are sent to the factories and no outsiders get to see their production facilities where they employee ch ildren, pay low wages and provide unsatisfactory working conditions. However, at the end of the day all fat cats in the supply chain are able to make their bag of money and a customer at the end of the chain is able to get a nice fashionable top to wear for under five pounds!!! The retail sales figure for the year 2009 has shown a remarkable upswing for Primark as compared to other high street clothing brands. It has emerged as one of the strongest brands during the time of recession and has been recognised as a major success story. In 2008, the big Primark expose was broadcasted on television that caused public outrage and media dismay. This also led to Primark being designated as UKs most unethical clothes shop. But the question here arises, that even after consumers being aware of the unethical practices the clothing chain has cemented its position at the top. (http://londonfashionnetwork.com/c/19/248/primark-vs-our-ethics). This is what a consumer had to say after the expose- I very much doubt it will stop me from shopping in Primark though. My budget is smaller than my conscience Sugarplumfairy 26th May 2008, 22:51 (http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=589698HYPERLINK http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=589698..) I just dont c are really -by Narrr 25th February, 2010. (http://makewealthhistory.org/2009/01/12/how-long-can-primark-get-away-with-it/) The story of rising profits continued, as seen in The Guardian (2009). The report stated that Primark was amongst the fewer retailers who were prospering in the times of recession posting 10% increase in profits. Primark, despite receiving all the bad press in the months prior to the launch of its flagship store in Oxford Street, London, was the scene of a stampede at its opening. Essentially, one can clearly reason that a normal consumer does not really care. This is cemented in black and white in their Annual report, which shows sales figure to be a staggering  £1.1bn, an increase of about 18% from the previous year. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/apr/21/primark-announces-profit-riseHYPERLINK http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/apr/21/primark-announces-profit-rise..) This perception denotes that some people think employing them is in the poor mans interest It always makes me laugh when people go on about unethical; whats more unethical giving them a job and a way of living or producing all our stuff here and letting them starve? Secondly, I cant afford  £30 for a top when I can go to Primark and get one for  £3. Thud, 25th May 2008 (http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=589698). The upward trend continued, with Primark performing spectacularly in 2010 with an increase of 35% in operating costs. Sales figures at the popular fashion chain increased by 18% to  £2.7bn. Further, an increase in operating profits to  £341mn helped by 13 new stores including its first ever in Belgium. Going by the popularity, the management will continue opening new stores all over Europe, where they expect considerable growth. (The Guardian, 2010). It has also agreed to buy 10 stores from their rival Bhs that are scheduled to open from the next fina ncial year that will add 300,000 sq. feet selling space, which points out that they are considering expansion plans. (http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article7035964.ece) Following BBCs Panorama documentary, Primark conducted a private investigation, which led them to terminate contracts with three Indian suppliers. A spokesman from Primark stated, We take this lapse in standards very seriously indeed. Under no circumstances would Primark ever knowingly permit such activities, whether directly through its suppliers or through third party sub-contractors. (BBC, 2008). As a direct response to the crisis, Primark created a comprehensive website called www.ethicalprimark.com. This website contained information and videos which strengthened their positive attitude towards values and policies regarding ethical trading. It was targeted at consumers which aimed at eliminating any doubts regarding Primarks sourcing. Primark soon created a new standardised selection process for its suppliers, along with a strict Supplier Code of Conduct. They also went on to formulate a stringent auditing program to avoid such a crisis. Their code of conduct was translated into 26 different languages so that workers in factories understand their rights. In addition, Primark heavily invested in new software from BSI management systems that was designed to help Primark manage its supply chain more effectively. In 2009, Primark established a specialized Ethical Trade Program. It consisted of a Director of Ethical Trade, along with ethical trade staff who was stationed in sourcing countries. Primarks Ethical Trade Strategy aimed at implementing ethical trade policies and ensuring suppliers met the required standards. Through workshops, training and audits this committed team intended to protect the rights of workers within the supply chains. On assessing the compatibility of Primark in terms of its Marketing and Ethics (Lecture Notes) on a scale of one to ten, we would position Primark in Group B category. Based on our reading, it has been targeted victim a number of times for its indulgence in unethical practices. However, it never admitted to the onus of such activities, hence we can say they are responsible and hence, abiding by the law and not Group A. They do not have a set of core, non-financial values and principles that is regarded as one of the most important assets of a companys existence, which strikes them off Group D. Also, they are not strongly committed to being ethical; else they wouldnt have been targeted several times for their morally irresponsible activities. Hence, they do not fall within Group C. Primarks value proposition is provision of cheap clothing. To fulfill the same, they need to keep the cost of production minimal. With this in mind, the companys purpose for existence is to ensure profits f or ABF rather than being socially responsible. They do try to improve ethical standards but not at the cost of reducing their profits. Thus, we think Primark falls under Group B. All companies function differently and can classified and put in different groups based on their ethical standing. As has been shown below: Kolhbergs theory of moral reasoning (Referencing Lecture Notes and URL) Kohlberg suggested that a company progresses in their moral reasoning (i.e., in their bases for ethical behaviour) through a series of stages. He believed that there were six identifiable stages. Stage 1 Organisations behave according to socially acceptable norms and their motive is to abide by the law. Stage 2 Characterised by a view that right behavior means acting in ones self interest. Stage 3 Complying with social norms. Characterised by an attitude, which seeks to do what will gain the approval of others. Stage 4 Oriented to abiding by the law and responding to the obligations of duty. Stage 5 A genuine interest in the welfare of society and prepared to challenge the societal norms when necessary. Stage 6 Belief in universal principles. Based on respect for universal principles and the demands of individual conscience. Referring back to the initial model of categorising companies between Groups A D, we would place Primark at level 2 on the Kohlbergs model of moral reasoning. Primark, as a company is known to act for its self-interest. This level complements its characteristics of Group B. This can be supported by the fact that although Primark has been pointed fingers at several times for their indulgence in unethical practices, their responses have always been the same and nothing has practically been done about it i.e., they have taken the necessary steps to control unethical practices and would try further tighten control over suppliers. (BBC, 2008) 4. CONCLUSION It can be expected to be less about ethics and more about a promise of freedom from moral anxiety when in fact it is that anxiety that is the substance of morality. From this we understand that a company chooses to be as ethical as it really wants to be. From what we gather, Primark would like to be seen as an ethical company. After the expose, Primark made sure they improved their ethical standards as well as their suppliers standards. Primark paid for auditors to ensure the ethical standards of their suppliers, which is a sign of dedication to their ethical stance. As a group, we concluded that even though Primark was at the centre of this scandal, they have been repeatedly targeted by market speculations primarily because they are the big name at the end of the supply chain. One must acknowledge that Primark is not entirely at fault. Its suppliers sub-contracted work to other local vendors, without Primarks knowledge. These sub-contracted vendors had children working in their warehouses, which were overworked and paid sub standard wages. Primarks auditors should have been aware of this. This poses the question of who is responsible for allowi ng these ethical breaches to take place. After the expose, Primark has taken various steps to portray an ethical image and maintain a high level of ethical standards. After sacking suppliers who did not meet their standards, they invested in auditing software, and established a specialized ethical strategy.   So is Primark really at fault or is it easier to blame a giant retailer. The fact remains that Primark and its suppliers were caught again engaging in the same unethical practices, so was Primark turning a blind eye or were they unaware of the situation. The expose hit the public eye during the recession, where people were shopping on the cheap, thereby forcing them to switch to cheaper alternatives.   Does that make your everyday shopper an unethical consumer, or were these consumers forced to shop at Primark solely for economic reasons? If the former is true, Primark and its suppliers will be able to continue trading without a problem.   However, if one dwells on it and the latter is true, the time line for Panorama to have an effect on the minds of the society has faded away. Essentially, it is upto Primarks conscience whether they want to take strict action against their auditors and suppliers ensuring adherence to higher ethical standards, or will they simply portray an image of having taken action to put to rest the allegations against them.